The Accelar Blog

Engineering insights

Deep technical guides on AI, blockchain infrastructure, distributed systems, and execution strategy — written by engineers, for engineers.

PLONK Arithmetization Internals: How Modern ZK Proof Systems Actually Work

Cryptography

February 24, 202614 min read

PLONK Arithmetization Internals: How Modern ZK Proof Systems Actually Work

PLONK became the foundation for nearly every production ZK proof system — from zkSync to Polygon. Understanding its arithmetization, custom gates, and lookup arguments is essential for engineers building on top of it.

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eBPF in Production: Writing Kernel-Level Observability Without Breaking Everything

Infrastructure

February 23, 202613 min read

eBPF in Production: Writing Kernel-Level Observability Without Breaking Everything

eBPF lets you attach programmable hooks to any kernel function with near-zero overhead. But writing safe, performant eBPF programs for production observability requires understanding the verifier, map types, and BTF — not just the marketing pitch.

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Anatomy of Cross-Rollup MEV: Why Shared Sequencers Don't Solve Atomic Arbitrage

Blockchain

February 22, 202612 min read

Anatomy of Cross-Rollup MEV: Why Shared Sequencers Don't Solve Atomic Arbitrage

Cross-domain MEV between L2 rollups represents a $500M+ annual opportunity. But shared sequencing doesn't deliver the atomic execution it promises. Here's why — and what architectures actually work.

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LSM Trees, MVCC, and Vectorized Execution: The Internals That Determine Your Database Performance

Database Engineering

February 21, 202615 min read

LSM Trees, MVCC, and Vectorized Execution: The Internals That Determine Your Database Performance

The difference between a query taking 10ms and 10 seconds often comes down to three subsystems: the storage engine, the concurrency control mechanism, and the query execution engine. Here's how the state of the art actually works.

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Why 67% of Strategies Fail at Execution — And the 4A Framework That Fixes It

Strategy

February 20, 202610 min read

Why 67% of Strategies Fail at Execution — And the 4A Framework That Fixes It

Most strategies don't fail because they're bad strategies. They fail because organizations can't execute them. Harvard Business Review data reveals the root causes — and a practical framework to close the gap.

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HotStuff BFT Internals: How Chained Voting and Linear Communication Reshaped Consensus

Distributed Systems

February 19, 202613 min read

HotStuff BFT Internals: How Chained Voting and Linear Communication Reshaped Consensus

HotStuff became the consensus algorithm of choice for Diem, Aptos, Sui, and dozens of production blockchains. Its linear communication complexity and chained pipelining are genuinely novel. Here's how the protocol actually works.

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The Pilot Purgatory Problem: Why 89% of AI Projects Never Reach Production

AI & ML

February 18, 20269 min read

The Pilot Purgatory Problem: Why 89% of AI Projects Never Reach Production

Companies are running more AI pilots than ever. But almost none of them make it to production. Gartner data reveals the systemic reasons — and a practical roadmap to escape pilot purgatory.

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Why Your RAG Pipeline Is Hallucinating: Chunking Strategies, Reranking, and the Retrieval-Generation Tradeoff

AI Engineering

February 16, 202611 min read

Why Your RAG Pipeline Is Hallucinating: Chunking Strategies, Reranking, and the Retrieval-Generation Tradeoff

Retrieval-Augmented Generation promised to ground LLMs in facts. But naive implementations hallucinate almost as much as vanilla models. Here's the engineering that makes RAG actually work in production.

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Event-Driven Microservices That Don't Fall Apart: CQRS, Saga Patterns, and the Exactly-Once Myth

Architecture

February 14, 202611 min read

Event-Driven Microservices That Don't Fall Apart: CQRS, Saga Patterns, and the Exactly-Once Myth

Event-driven architecture promises loose coupling and scalability. But in production, it introduces failure modes that most teams aren't prepared for. Here's how to build event-driven systems that actually work.

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